种子休眠与破眠机理研究进展

种子休眠机理主要围绕透性、抑制剂作用和光敏素转化等方面的研究而建立。种皮的阻碍作用可能是由于种皮的物理或化学特性引起．可导致对水、光、气体或溶质的透性改变。抑制剂作用机理是抑制物质可抵消促进细胞分裂和生长发育的激素的作用。光敏素转化机理来源于与休眠有关的生物活性化学物质的合成、活化或破坏受光诱导的观点,由于发现了光敏素蓝色蛋白的活化型（Pfr）和钝化型（Pr）而得到强有力的支持,种子光休眠取决于光敏素蓝色蛋白的活化型（Pfr）含量和Pfr／（Pr＋Pfr）比值。目前,打破休眠的方法一般有机械破皮法、激素处理法、分子生物学技术法、物理处理法（如激光、烟、热等处理技术）、CO2处理法等。激素的平衡由抑制剂占优势向促进物占优势的变化是打破休眠的决定因素。研究破眠机理的分子生物学技术有多种,包括ABA突变体的利用、分子标记、转基因技术、用反义RAN阻止基因的表达、cDNA克隆技术等。用激光照射种子,把适宜的光射入细胞,可增加细胞生物能,促进种子发育,从而可能打破休眠。热处理的机理是由于加热可以增加种皮的透气性。CO2之所以能提高某些物种的萌发率,在于其影响了种子内部乙烯的敏感性。     

Glycosides from Roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan

Abstract: To search for new and bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicines, a new glycoside, 3-O-[α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-( n -butyl-β- D -glucopyranosiduronate)]-28-O-β- D -glucopyranosyloleanolic acid ( 1 ), was isolated from the roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan, along with 3-O-(methyl-β- D -glucopyranosiduronate)-28-O-β- D -glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 2 ), 3-O-β- D -glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 3 ), 3-O-β- D -glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 4 ), 3-O-[β- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-(β- D -glucuronopyranosyl)] oleanolic acid ( 5 ), 3-O-(β- D -glucuronopyranosyl)-28-O-β- D -glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 6 ), 28-O-β- D -glucuronopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- D -glucopyranosyl hederagenin ( 7 ), 3-O-[β- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- D -glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β- D -glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 8 ), and 3-O-[β- D -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- D -glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β- D -glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 9 ). The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectral and chemical evidence. The 50 per cent growth-inhibiting (GI₅₀) of compounds 1 and 5 against MDA-MB-231 (a human breast cancer cell line) was 3.44 × 10^-4 and 4.66 × 10^-4 mol/L, respectively.
(Managing editor: Wei WANG)     

Cyclosporin A通过MEK/ERK1/2信号通路调节滋养细胞titin表达

探讨MEK/ERK1/2信号通路在Cyclosporin A(CsA)诱导滋养细胞表达titin中的作用。应用RT-PCR、Western blot检测CsA诱导的滋养细胞titin的表达水平,Western blot检测CsA作用于滋养细胞后ERK1/2的活化程度,并观察MEK特异性抑制剂U0126对其mRNA转录的影响。发现CsA以时间和剂量依赖方式诱导titin表达,并刺激滋养细胞ERK1/2的活化,U0126以剂量依赖方式抑制CsA诱导的titin表达。结果表明CsA通过活化MEK/ERK1/2信号通路诱导滋养细胞titin 的表达,改变其生物学行为,从而有利于胚胎着床及早期发育。     

小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的选育和鉴定

在小麦-中间偃麦草59个杂交后代种质系中,筛选出6个小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系(line0605,line0607,line0609,line0610,line0611,line0625),并对其进行了形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学和RAPD鉴定。形态学结果表明:6个双体异附加系农艺性状较好地结合了双亲的优良特点;细胞学结果表明:6个双体异附加系具有高度的细胞学稳定性,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMI)的染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ;RAPD分析表明:在供试的209个随机引物中有5个引物分别能在6个异附加系中稳定地扩增出不同的特异带型,可以作为各个异附加系所附加染色体的特异分子标记;白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明:line0605表现免疫,line0610和line0625表现高抗,line0607表现中抗,line0609和line0611表现中感。     

Tyroserleutide tripeptide affects calcium homeostasis of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 cells

Copyright by Science in China Press 2005 Primary hepatocarcinoma is one of the most fre-quent digestive-tract cancers, particularly in China. The incidence and death rate of primary hepatocarci-noma in China is the highest in the world, with about 1100 thousands people dying from primary hepatocar-cinoma per year[1]. Although the chemotherapeutic agents are the main therapeutic approach for hepato- carcinoma, they are relatively ineffective and result in many toxic and side effects. Accordin…     

Microbial colonization in the seagrass Posidonia spp. roots

The pattern of colonization by microorganisms on root surfaces from three species of seagrass belonging to the genus Posidonia was assessed. Microbial abundance on roots was measured by two electronic microscope techniques. Trends in microbial colonization between species and root order were defined. In addition, eutrophication status of the sampling sites and physiological status of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile roots have been taken into account. Our results show high microbial abundance in the Mediterranean species P. oceanica, in comparison with the low rates of colonization found in the Australian species P. australis Hook f. and P. sinuosa Cambridge et Kuo. Microbial density tended to decrease as root order increased, and living roots always showed higher microbial abundance than dead ones. Colonization of P. oceanica roots at the three sites with different environmental status follows different trends according to root order. It is suggested that root age influences the rate of microbial colonization of seagrass roots and that colonization of root surface by microorganisms is associated with organic exudates from the roots rather than with decaying root tissues.     

人SATB1基 5''''上游序列的转录激活功能分析

在对人SATB1基因进行生物信息学分析的基础上,采用PCR技术,扩增人基因组DNA中SATB1基因5'上游序列的-2955～-9片段,构建了3个分别由SATB1基因5'上游-2955～-9,-1727～-9和-760～-9序列片段驱动的报告载体-pGL3-SP2946-luc,pGL3-SP1718-luc和pGL3-SP751-luc,分别瞬时转染Jurkat T,K562,U937和HeLa细胞,通过测定荧光素酶的表达活性,观察SATB1基因5'上游序列片段3个删除突变体在不同细胞内活性的差异.结果显示,SATB1上游序列-2955/-9在4种细胞中的转录激活能力为U937>Jurkat T>K562,在HeLa细胞中基本无激活,提示SATB1的转录激活可能具有一定的细胞类型特异性.3种5'删除突变体转录激活性由大至小顺序为-760/-9>-2955/-9>-1727/-9,提示SATB1的核心启动子可能存在于其5'上游序列的-760至-9 bp区域中.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide effects on intracellular pH changes and ROS production in HEPG2 cells: role of p38 MAPK and phospholipase D.

AIMS: The present study was performed to evaluate Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) effects on intracellular pH, phospholipase D and ROS production and the possible relationship among them in HepG2 cells. Cancer extracellular microenvironment is more acidic than normal tissues and the activation of NHE-1, the only system able to regulate pHi homeostasis in this condition, can represent an important event in cell proliferation and malignant transformation. METHODS: The ANP effects on pHi were evaluated by fluorescence spectrometry. The effects on p38 MAPK and ROS production were evaluated by immunoblots and analysis of DCF-DA fluorescence, respectively. RT-PCR analysis and Western blotting were used to determine the ANP effect on mRNA NHE-1 expression and protein levels. PLD-catalyzed conversion of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatydilethanol (PetOH), in the presence of ethanol, was monitored by thin layer chromatography. RESULTS: A significant pHi decrease was observed in ANP-treated HepG2 cells and this effect was paralleled by the enhancement of PLD activity and ROS production. The ANP effect on pHi was coupled to an increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and a down-regulation of mRNA NHE-1 expression and protein levels. Moreover, the relationship between PLD and ROS production was demonstrated by calphostin-c, a potent inhibitor of PLD. At the same time, all assessed ANP-effects were mediated by NPR-C receptors. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that ANP recruits a signal pathway associated with p38 MAPK, NHE-1 and PLD responsible for ROS production, suggesting a possible role for ANP as novel modulator of ROS generation in HepG2 cells.     

Spatial and altitudinal bioclimatic zones of the Italian peninsula identified from a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree-ring network

A network of 24 beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree-ring chronologies has been developed for the Italian peninsula. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to identify geographical and altitudinal patterns of tree growth. Correlations and response functions were then applied to the main modes of tree-ring variability to uncover climatic signals. In a landscape occupied by humans for millennia, this approach provided a detailed quantitative ecological characterization of forest types. Altitude was significantly correlated with dendrochronological parameters. The Alps and northern Apennines could be distinguished from the central-southern Apennines. In central Italy, we recognized three different vegetation belts occupied by beech forests, from low- to high-elevation sites. Summer drought impacted beech growth with different intensity at different elevations, depending on the onset and duration of the growing season. Moreover, low-elevation beech forests showed a distinct late spring climate signal, which was opposite to that of high-elevation sites. The coherent geographical and ecological patterns of tree-ring variability suggest that dendrochronological networks help define bioclimatic zones and forest types.     

云南重楼植物内生真菌的分离及抗菌活性筛选

从云南重楼[Paris polyphylla Smithvar.yunnnanensis(Franch.)Hand.Mazz.]块状茎中分离出166株内生真菌,对其进行形态分类鉴定归于4目,6科,20个属,体现了云南重楼植物内生真菌的生物多样性特征。同时,选择与人类和植物相关的37株病原微生物作为抗菌活性筛选指示菌,进行了云南重楼植物内生真菌抗菌活性的初步研究。结果表明,4株内生真菌对细菌、植物致病真菌、皮肤致病真菌多种病原微生物具有显著抑制生长的作用。